The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times late to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.